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Overview of Diurnal Raptors 

They are referred to as diurnal (daytime) as opposed to the nocturnal raptors- Owls. The term raptor derives from the Latin word: raptare - which means to seize and carry off. Raptors use their feet to kill their prey and carry off or up to the nest, as opposed to others birds that use their beaks.

In the most recent book published on all species of diurnal raptors (Raptors of the World), 305 species are recognised. These are split into 3 scientific orders: Accipitriformes (Hawks, Eagles, Kites, Buzzards and Vultures), Sagittariiformes (Secretary Bird) and Falconiformes (Falcons, Kestrels and Caracaras). The species range in size from the Lappet-faced Vulture and Eurasian Black Vulture weighing around 12kg (24 lbs) to the White-fronted Falconet weighing around 35 grams (1.25 oz). The majority of species are purely carnivourous with most catching living animals, although nearly all will scavenge if carrion is available. In general different groups have evolved various adaptations and techniques for catching varied prey (for groups see top of page).

While it may sound cruel that these birds only survive by hunting, killing and eating other animals they actually help keep the natural balance. Predators usually capture weak and sick animals, which are easier to catch. In this way they help healthy animals survive by preventing the spread of disease. Predators also help keep the population of prey animals under control - if there were too many animals there would not be enough food for them all. Raptors can help farmers because they catch rats and mice and other animals that destroy crops for human food. The species that feed on carrion also help to clean up the environment.

Raptors encounter many problems to ensure their survival. Prey has to be located and then caught efficiently. They are vulnerable to predation while feeding on the ground and therefore reducing this time is advantageous. Species have evolved not compete with each other; if two species catch the same prey, they will usually be found in different habitats (in ecological terms they exist in different niches). Most raptors are limited by the abundance of prey, but also by nest site competition within their species and between species.

---->  Adaptations of Diurnal Raptors.

References to Diurnal Raptors:

Ferguson-Lees J. and Christie D.A. (2001) Raptors of the World. Helm, London

Newton I. (1979) Population Ecology of Raptors. T&AD Poyser, London